February 2008 - Posts

Have you ever wondered how you can figure out how far the viewing distance is from the center point of any map?  For example, in my office I have a large map of the world on my wall. It has a scale of 1:9,000,000.  How can you tell the viewing altitude for the map?  This is a very good question that I was asked recently. Read More...

Example of inset boundary linesQuite some time ago we posted a blog entry on creating tint bands, which are bands of color either interior or exterior to polygons along their borders.  You will see this cartographic effect on world atlases, for example, using different colors to distinguish the various counties. The solution we presented was involved and complex, but it did preserve essential characteristics of the polygons better than any other method we tried. Read More...

Link to ESRI Press webpage for Design Maps Cynthia Brewer’s new book titled Designed Maps: A Sourcebook for GIS Users is a companion piece designed to compliment the highly successful Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users published by ESRI Press in 2005. The goal of the book is to offer a graphics-intensive presentation of published maps, providing cartographic details that will prompt GIS users to think about their own maps and how to improve them. Read More...

Example of a thrust fault line symbol where the teeth are aligned to the dashes of the lineUsing cartographic representations to make line symbols like those in the image to the right, where markers are displayed in conjunction with a dash pattern, requires more than just casual knowledge of the geometric effects. In fact, to make a line symbol like the one shown to the right, the default settings won't work. Read More...

Example of a multi-layer line symbolOne issue we hear about from the folks who teach cartography with ArcGIS is that users who are new to ArcGIS have some frustration in learning how to make minor customizations to symbols in the style files that come with ArcGIS. For example, removing a layer from a multi-layer symbol, changing the color of part of a multi-layer symbol, or other minor edits that (in theory) ought to be easy to figure out how to do. Read More...

Excerpt from Thomas Hyde Page's map of Boston in 1775/1776, it was published in London in 1777For the past few years, when time allowed, I've been reconstructing a map of colonial Boston in ArcGIS, using source maps from 1775 to 1784.  The image on the left is an excerpt of one of these maps.  I like a number of the effects that 18th century cartographers had drawn on their maps, including little pictographs for trees (today cartographers call these mimetic symbols).  Anyway, I wanted to add some of these effects to my map.  This posting explains how I showed trees on my map.
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Right-click menu for a data frame showing convert labels to annotationComplex maps such as topographic maps present several significant challenges for setting up labeling rules and creating annotation.  The first challenge is that these maps typically have many layers and types of features, requiring map authors to create and manage numerous label classes. Second, these layers may have a high density of features, which means that automated labeling for these maps requires loading all the data into the labeling engine and making your computer to work fairly hard. Third, some labels on the map are very important and should be placed optimally (e.g., labels for cities or very important landmarks); some labels can be placed with some flexibility (e.g., placing river or stream names along lines; there are many candidate positions along a given line); and some labels are just less important (e.g., labels for contours, which must yield to the other information on the map) Read More...